Bubble sort in X86-64 Assembly (#368)

* Adding x86 assembly to book.json

* Adding bubble_sort.asm

* Updaing bubble_sort.md

* changing x86 to x86-64

* Adding x86-64 bubble sort

* Adding bubble_sort.s

Author: Gathros

book.json

@@ -136,6 +136,10 @@
           "lang": "nim",
           "name": "Nim"
         },
+        {
+          "lang": "x64",
+          "name": "X86-64 Assembly"
+        },
         {
           "lang": "f90",
           "name": "Fortran90"

contents/bubble_sort/bubble_sort.md

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ This means that we need to go through the vector $$\mathcal{O}(n^2)$$ times with
 [import:3-28, lang:"lisp"](code/lisp/bubble_sort.lisp)
 {% sample lang="nim" %}
 [import:5-9, lang:"nim"](code/nim/bubble_sort.nim)
+{% sample lang="x64" %}
+[import:44-110, lang:"x64"](code/x64/bubble_sort.s)
 {% sample lang="f90" %}
 [import:19-40, lang:"fortran"](code/fortran/bubble.f90)
 {% sample lang="scala" %}
@@ -111,6 +113,8 @@ Trust me, there are plenty of more complicated algorithms that do precisely the
 [import, lang:"lisp"](code/lisp/bubble_sort.lisp)
 {% sample lang="nim" %}
 [import, lang:"nim"](code/nim/bubble_sort.nim)
+{% sample lang="x64" %}
+[import, lang:"x64"](code/x64/bubble_sort.s)
 {% sample lang="f90" %}
 [import, lang:"fortran"](code/fortran/bubble.f90)
 {% sample lang="scala" %}

contents/bubble_sort/code/x64/bubble_sort.s

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+
+.section .rodata
+  array:
+    .align  16
+    .int    1, 45, 756, 4569, 56, 3, 8, 5, -10, -4
+    .equ    array_len, (.-array) / 4
+  array_fmt: .string "%d "
+  lf:        .string "\n"
+  unsorted:  .string "Unsorted array: "
+  sorted:    .string "Sorted array: "
+
+.section .text
+  .global main
+  .extern printf
+
+print_array:
+  push   r12
+  push   r13
+
+  mov    r12, rdi                 # Loop variable
+  lea    r13, [rdi + 4*rsi]       # Pointer after the last element
+
+print_array_loop:
+  cmp    r12, r13                 # If we're done iterating over the array then bail
+  jge    print_array_done
+  mov    rdi, OFFSET array_fmt    # Otherwise print the current value
+  mov    esi, DWORD PTR [r12]
+  xor    rax, rax
+  call   printf
+  lea    r12, [r12 + 4]           # And increment the loop variable pointer
+  jmp    print_array_loop
+
+print_array_done:
+  mov    rdi, OFFSET lf           # Print a closing newline
+  xor    rax, rax
+  call   printf
+
+  pop    r13
+  pop    r12
+  ret
+
+bubble_sort:
+  xor    rcx, rcx                 # The outer loop counter
+  lea    rdx, [rdi + 4*rsi - 4]   # The end address for the inner loop
+
+outer_loop:
+  cmp    rcx, rsi                 # We first check if the outer loop is done
+  jge    bubble_sort_done         # And if it is, return
+  mov    rax, rdi                 # Otherwise we initialize the loop variable of the inner loop
+inner_loop:
+  mov    r8d, DWORD PTR [rax]     # Load array[j] and array[j+1] through a pointer
+  mov    r9d, DWORD PTR [rax + 4]
+  cmp    r8d, r9d                 # If array[j] <= array[j+1]
+  jle    loop_counters            # Then we can skip this iteration
+  mov    DWORD PTR [rax], r9d     # Otherwise swap the values
+  mov    DWORD PTR [rax + 4], r8d
+loop_counters:
+  lea    rax, [rax + 4]           # First, advance the inner loop
+  cmp    rax, rdx
+  jl     inner_loop               # And in case it's not done, repeat
+  inc    rcx                      # If it is done, go back to doing the outer loop
+  jmp    outer_loop
+
+bubble_sort_done:
+  ret
+
+main:
+  # Set up our stack
+  sub    rsp, 40
+
+  # We load the array in chunks onto the stack
+  movaps xmm0, XMMWORD PTR [array]
+  movaps XMMWORD PTR [rsp], xmm0
+  movaps xmm0, XMMWORD PTR [array + 16]
+  movaps XMMWORD PTR [rsp + 16], xmm0
+  mov    rax, QWORD PTR [array + 32]
+  mov    QWORD PTR [rsp + 32], rax
+
+  # Print the unsorted array
+  mov    rdi, OFFSET unsorted
+  xor    rax, rax
+  call   printf
+
+  mov    rdi, rsp
+  mov    rsi, array_len
+  call   print_array
+
+  # Sort
+  mov    rdi, rsp
+  mov    rsi, array_len
+  call   bubble_sort
+
+  # Print the sorted array
+  mov    rdi, OFFSET sorted
+  xor    rax, rax
+  call   printf
+
+  mov    rdi, rsp
+  mov    rsi, array_len
+  call   print_array
+
+  # Restore the stack pointer, set return value to 0
+  add    rsp, 40
+  xor    rax, rax
+  ret