Add Flood Fill in Python (#753)

* add floodfill in python

* add name to contributors

* small correction

* remove unnecessary argument to color()

* switch to using numpy + small corrections

* improved unit testing

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: James Schloss <jrs.schloss@gmail.com>

Author: lazyprop

CONTRIBUTORS.md

@@ -53,3 +53,4 @@ This file lists everyone, who contributed to this repo and wanted to show up her
 - James Goytia
 - Amaras
 - Jonathan Dönszelmann
+- Ishaan Verma

contents/flood_fill/code/python/flood_fill.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+from collections import namedtuple
+from queue import Queue
+import numpy as np
+
+Point = namedtuple("Point", "x y")
+
+def inbounds(canvas_shape, p):
+    return min(p) >= 0 and p.x < canvas_shape[0] and p.y < canvas_shape[1]
+
+def color(canvas, p, new_val):
+    canvas[p] = new_val
+
+def find_neighbors(canvas, p, old_val, new_val):
+    # north, south, east, west neighbors
+    possible_neighbors = [
+        Point(p.x, p.y+1),
+        Point(p.x+1, p.y),
+        Point(p.x-1, p.y),
+        Point(p.x, p.y-1)
+    ]
+
+    # exclude the neighbors that go out of bounds and should not be colored
+    neighbors = []
+    for possible_neighbor in possible_neighbors:
+        if inbounds(canvas.shape, possible_neighbor):
+            if canvas[possible_neighbor] == old_val:
+                neighbors.append(possible_neighbor)
+    return neighbors
+
+def stack_fill(canvas, p, old_val, new_val):
+    if old_val == new_val:
+        return
+
+    stack = [p]
+
+    while stack:
+        cur_loc = stack.pop()
+        color(canvas, cur_loc, new_val)
+        stack += find_neighbors(canvas, cur_loc, old_val, new_val)
+
+def queue_fill(canvas, p, old_val, new_val):
+    if old_val == new_val:
+        return
+
+    q = Queue()
+    q.put(p)
+
+    color(canvas, p, new_val)
+
+    while not q.empty():
+        cur_loc = q.get()
+        neighbors = find_neighbors(canvas, cur_loc, old_val, new_val)
+
+        for neighbor in neighbors:
+            color(canvas, neighbor, new_val)
+            q.put(neighbor)
+
+def recursive_fill(canvas, p, old_val, new_val):
+    if old_val == new_val:
+        return
+
+    color(canvas, p, new_val)
+
+    neighbors = find_neighbors(canvas, p, old_val, new_val)
+    for neighbor in neighbors:
+        recursive_fill(canvas, neighbor, old_val, new_val)
+
+def main():
+    grid = np.zeros((5, 5))
+    grid[2,:] = 1
+    
+    answer = np.zeros((5, 5))
+    answer[:3,] = 1
+
+    c0 = grid.copy()
+    c1 = grid.copy()
+    c2 = grid.copy()
+
+    start_loc = Point(0, 0)
+
+    recursive_fill(c0, start_loc, 0, 1)
+    queue_fill(c1, start_loc, 0, 1)
+    stack_fill(c2, start_loc, 0, 1)
+
+    assert (c0 == answer).all()
+    assert (c1 == answer).all()
+    assert (c2 == answer).all()
+
+    print("Tests Passed")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

contents/flood_fill/flood_fill.md

@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ In code, this might look like this:
 [import:37-55, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import:34-52, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:13-28, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}
 
 
@@ -106,6 +108,8 @@ In code, it might look like this:
 [import:106-118, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import:180-195, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:58-66, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}
 
 All code snippets for this chapter rely on an exterior `color` function, defined as
@@ -115,6 +119,8 @@ All code snippets for this chapter rely on an exterior `color` function, defined
 [import:23-35, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import:28-32, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:10-11, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}
 
 The above code continues recursing through available neighbors as long as neighbors exist, and this should work so long as we are adding the correct set of neighbors.
@@ -126,6 +132,8 @@ Additionally, it is possible to do the same type of traversal by managing a stac
 [import:57-77, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import:85-108, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:30-39, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}
 
 This is ultimately the same method of traversal as before; however, because we are managing our own data structure, there are a few distinct differences:
@@ -165,6 +173,8 @@ The code would look something like this:
 [import:80-104, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import:155-178, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:41-56, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}
 
 Now, there is a small trick in this code that must be considered to make sure it runs optimally.
@@ -243,6 +253,8 @@ After, we will fill in the left-hand side of the array to be all ones by choosin
 [import, lang:"julia"](code/julia/flood_fill.jl)
 {% sample lang="c" %}
 [import, lang:"c"](code/c/flood_fill.c)
+{% sample lang="py" %}
+[import:, lang="python"](code/python/flood_fill.py)
 {% endmethod %}