diff --git a/src/main/java/com/zipcodewilmington/StringArrayUtils.java b/src/main/java/com/zipcodewilmington/StringArrayUtils.java
index 4bcce66..fd276ac 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/zipcodewilmington/StringArrayUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/zipcodewilmington/StringArrayUtils.java
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 package com.zipcodewilmington;
 
+import com.sun.tools.javac.util.ArrayUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
 /**
  * Created by leon on 1/29/18.
  */
@@ -17,6 +23,7 @@ public static String getFirstElement(String[] array) {
      * @return second element in specified array
      */
     public static String getSecondElement(String[] array) {
+
         return array[1];
     }
 
@@ -25,7 +32,8 @@ public static String getSecondElement(String[] array) {
      * @return last element in specified array
      */ // TODO
     public static String getLastElement(String[] array) {
-        return null;
+
+        return array[array.length-1];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -33,7 +41,8 @@ public static String getLastElement(String[] array) {
      * @return second to last element in specified array
      */ // TODO
     public static String getSecondToLastElement(String[] array) {
-        return null;
+
+        return array[array.length-2];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -42,6 +51,11 @@ public static String getSecondToLastElement(String[] array) {
      * @return true if the array contains the specified `value`
      */ // TODO
     public static boolean contains(String[] array, String value) {
+        for(int i=0;i< array.length;i++){
+            if(array[i]==value){
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -50,7 +64,11 @@ public static boolean contains(String[] array, String value) {
      * @return an array with identical contents in reverse order
      */ // TODO
     public static String[] reverse(String[] array) {
-        return null;
+        String[] strArray=new String[array.length];
+        for(int i=array.length-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++){
+                strArray[j]=array[i];
+        }
+    return strArray;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -58,7 +76,15 @@ public static String[] reverse(String[] array) {
      * @return true if the order of the array is the same backwards and forwards
      */ // TODO
     public static boolean isPalindromic(String[] array) {
-        return false;
+        String[] strArray=new String[array.length];
+        strArray=array.clone();
+        for(int i= array.length-1,j=0;i>=0;i--,j++){
+            if(array[i].equals(strArray[j])){
+                continue;
+            }
+            else return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -66,7 +92,26 @@ public static boolean isPalindromic(String[] array) {
      * @return true if each letter in the alphabet has been used in the array
      */ // TODO
     public static boolean isPangramic(String[] array) {
-        return false;
+        Boolean[] flag=new Boolean[26];
+        Arrays.fill(flag, false);
+        String str=Arrays.toString(array).toUpperCase();
+        if (str == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        System.out.println(str);
+        int alphabetIndex=0;
+        for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
+            if('A'<=str.charAt(i) && str.charAt(i)<='Z'){
+                alphabetIndex=str.charAt(i)-'A';
+                //System.out.println(alphabetIndex);
+                flag[alphabetIndex]=true;
+            }
+        }
+        for(boolean index: flag){
+            if(!index)
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,7 +120,13 @@ public static boolean isPangramic(String[] array) {
      * @return number of occurrences the specified `value` has occurred
      */ // TODO
     public static int getNumberOfOccurrences(String[] array, String value) {
-        return 0;
+        int occurences=0;
+        for(int i=0;i< array.length;i++){
+            if(array[i].equals(value)){
+                occurences++;
+            }
+        }
+        return occurences;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -84,7 +135,14 @@ public static int getNumberOfOccurrences(String[] array, String value) {
      * @return array with identical contents excluding values of `value`
      */ // TODO
     public static String[] removeValue(String[] array, String valueToRemove) {
-        return null;
+        String[] anotherArray=new String[array.length-1];
+        for(int i=0,k=0;i< array.length;i++){
+            if(array[i].equals(valueToRemove)){
+                continue;
+            }
+        anotherArray[k++]=array[i];
+        }
+        return anotherArray;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -92,16 +150,40 @@ public static String[] removeValue(String[] array, String valueToRemove) {
      * @return array of Strings with consecutive duplicates removes
      */ // TODO
     public static String[] removeConsecutiveDuplicates(String[] array) {
-        return null;
+        ArrayList<String> newList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        newList.add(array[0]);
+        for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
+            // Compare current value to previous
+            if (array[i - 1] != array[i]) {
+                newList.add(array[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        //to convert list to string array
+        String[] strArray = newList.toArray(new String[0]);
+        return  strArray;
     }
-
     /**
      * @param array array of chars
-     * @return array of Strings with each consecutive duplicate occurrence concatenated as a single string in an array of Strings
+     * @return array of Strings with each consecutive duplicate occurrence
+     * concatenated as a single string in an array of Strings
      */ // TODO
     public static String[] packConsecutiveDuplicates(String[] array) {
-        return null;
+        ArrayList<String> newList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        int count=0;
+        newList.add(array[0]);
+        for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
+            // Compare current value to previous
+            String str=newList.get(count);
+            if (str.contains((array[i]))) {
+                newList.set(count,str+array[i]);
+                //count++;
+            }
+            else{
+                count++;
+                newList.add(array[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        //to convert list to string array
+        return  newList.toArray(new String[0]);
     }
-
-
 }