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Update solow.md
We (@SylviaZhaooo and @longye-tian) have gone through the lecture Solow-Swan model.
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lectures/solow.md

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# The Solow-Swan Growth Model
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In this lecture we review a famous model due
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to [Robert Solow (1925--2014)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Solow) and [Trevor Swan (1918--1989)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Swan).
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to [Robert Solow (1925--2023)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Solow) and [Trevor Swan (1918--1989)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor_Swan).
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The model is used to study growth over the long run.
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Although the model is simple, it contains some interesting lessons.
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We will use the following imports
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We will use the following imports.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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* the **CES** function $F(K, L) = \left\{ a K^\rho + b L^\rho \right\}^{1/\rho}$
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with $a, b, \rho > 0$.
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We assume a closed economy, so domestic investment equals aggregate domestic
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We assume a closed economy, so aggregate domestic investment equals aggregate domestic
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saving.
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The saving rate is a constant $s$ satisfying $0 \leq s \leq 1$, so that aggregate
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xmin, xmax = 0, 3
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```
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Now, we define the function $g$
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Now, we define the function $g$.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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def g(A, s, alpha, delta, k):
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return A * s * k**alpha + (1 - delta) * k
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```
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Let's plot the 45 degree diagram of $g$
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Let's plot the 45 degree diagram of $g$.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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def plot45(kstar=None):
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If initial capital is above this level, then the reverse is true.
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Let's plot the 45 degree diagram to show the $k^*$ in the plot
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Let's plot the 45 degree diagram to show the $k^*$ in the plot.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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kstar = ((s * A) / delta)**(1/(1 - alpha))
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simulate_ts(x0, ts_length)
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```
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As expected, the time paths in the figure both converge to this value.
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As expected, the time paths in the figure all converge to $k^*$.
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## Growth in continuous time
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In this section we investigate a continuous time version of the Solow--Swan
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In this section, we investigate a continuous time version of the Solow--Swan
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growth model.
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We will see how the smoothing provided by continuous time can
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simplify analysis.
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simplify our analysis.
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Recall that the discrete time dynamics for capital are
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```
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Our aim is to learn about the evolution of $k_t$ over time,
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given initial stock $k_0$.
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given an initial stock $k_0$.
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A **steady state** for {eq}`solowc` is a value $k^*$
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at which capital is unchanging, meaning $k'_t = 0$ or, equivalently,
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above.
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Writing $k'_t = g(k_t)$ with $g(k) =
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s Ak^\alpha - \delta k$, values of $k$ with $g(k) > 0$ imply that $k'_t > 0$, so
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s Ak^\alpha - \delta k$, values of $k$ with $g(k) > 0$ imply $k'_t > 0$, so
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capital is increasing.
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When $g(k) < 0$, the opposite occurs. Once again, high marginal returns to

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